# 15 What are the Benefits of Using Numpy Arrays? The sum method calculates the sum of numbers in an array. The * operator performs an element-wise multiplication of two arrays if they have the same size. We can achieve the same result with low-level operations supported by Numpy arrays: performing an element-wise multiplication and calculating the resulting numbers' sum. ![]() We can now compute the dot product of the two vectors using the np.dot function. Just like lists, Numpy arrays support the indexing notation. We can now use the np.array function to create Numpy arrays. It's common practice to import numpy with the alias np. Let's install the Numpy library using the pip package manager. However, we must first convert the lists into Numpy arrays. The Numpy library provides a built-in function to compute the dot product of two vectors. The calculation performed by the crop_yield (element-wise multiplication of two vectors and taking a sum of the results) is also called the dot product. # 74.9 How to Turn Python Lists into Numpy Arrays We can now write a function crop_yield to calculate the yield of apples (or any other crop) given the climate data and the respective weights. We can also represent the set of weights used in the formula as a vector. The three numbers in each vector represent the temperature, rainfall, and humidity data, respectively. To make it slightly easier to perform the above computation for multiple regions, we can represent the climate data for each region as a vector, that is a list of numbers. # The expected yield of apples in Kanto region is 56.8 tons per hectare. Print("The expected yield of apples in Kanto region is tons per hectare.".format(kanto_yield_apples)) kanto_yield_apples = kanto_temp * w1 + kanto_rainfall * w2 + kanto_humidity * w3 We can now substitute these variables into the linear equation to predict the yield of apples. To begin, we can define some variables to record climate data for a region. Given some climate data for a region, we can now predict the yield of apples. But a simple linear model like this often works well in practice.īased on some statistical analysis of historical data, we might come up with reasonable values for the weights w1, w2, and w3. This equation is an approximation, since the actual relationship may not necessarily be linear, and there may be other factors involved. We're expressing the yield of apples as a weighted sum of the temperature, rainfall, and humidity. Yield_of_apples = w1 * temperature + w2 * rainfall + w3 * humidity Suppose we want to use climate data like the temperature, rainfall, and humidity to determine if a region is well suited for growing apples.Ī simple approach to do this would be to formulate the relationship between the annual yield of apples (tons per hectare) and the climatic conditions like the average temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit), rainfall (in millimeters), and average relative humidity (in percentage) as a linear equation. Let's work through an example to see why and how to use Numpy to work with numerical data. The Numpy library provides specialized data structures, functions, and other tools for numerical computing in Python. The "data" in Data Analysis typically refers to numerical data, like stock prices, sales figures, sensor measurements, sports scores, database tables, and so on. How to Work with Numerical Data in Python How to work with CSV data files using Numpy.Array operations, broadcasting, indexing, and slicing.Multi-dimensional Numpy arrays and their benefits.How to turn Python lists into Numpy arrays.How to work with numerical data in Python.This section covers the following topics: You can follow along with the tutorial and run the code here: What is Numerical Computation? Python and Numpy for Beginners Source: Elegant Scipy ![]()
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![]() In some systems the reset signal is directly used to enable the watchdog. When automatically generated, the enabling signal is typically derived from the computer reset signal. In the latter case, the enabling signal may be automatically generated by hardware or it may be generated under software control. Upon power-up, a watchdog may be unconditionally enabled or it may be initially disabled and require an external signal to enable it. Screenshot of wdctl, a program that shows watchdog statusĪ watchdog timer is said to be enabled when operating and disabled when idle. If the computer attempts to kick the watchdog before or after the window, the watchdog will not be restarted, and in some implementations this will be treated as a fault and trigger corrective action. The window begins after a delay following the previous kick, and ends after a further delay. The window timing is usually relative to the previous kick or, if the watchdog has not yet been kicked, to the moment the watchdog was enabled. Some watchdog timers will only allow kicks during a specific time window. The device driver, which serves to abstract the watchdog hardware from user space programs, may also be used to configure the time-out period and start and stop the timer. For example, in the Linux operating system, a user space program will kick the watchdog by interacting with the watchdog device driver, typically by writing a zero character to /dev/watchdog or by calling a KEEPALIVE ioctl. ![]() In computers that are running operating systems, watchdog restarts are usually invoked through a device driver. An example of this is the CLRWDT (clear watchdog timer) instruction found in the instruction set of some PIC microcontrollers. Alternatively, some tightly coupled watchdog timers are kicked by executing a special machine language instruction. ![]() Kicking is typically done by writing to a watchdog control port or by setting a particular bit in a register. The act of restarting a watchdog timer is commonly referred to as kicking the watchdog. Kicks occurring outside the window have no effect on the timer and may be treated as faults. Some watchdog timers only allow kicks during a time window. In real-time operating systems, a watchdog timer may be used to monitor a time-critical task to ensure it completes within its maximum allotted time and, if it fails to do so, to terminate the task and report the failure.Īrchitecture and operation Restarting For example, a watchdog timer may be used when running untrusted code in a sandbox, to limit the CPU time available to the code and thus prevent some types of denial-of-service attacks. Watchdog timers are also used to monitor and limit software execution time on a normally functioning computer. A watchdog timer is usually employed in cases like these. In robots and other automated machines, a fault in the control computer could cause equipment damage or injuries before a human could react, even if the computer is easily accessed. For example, remote embedded systems such as space probes are not physically accessible to human operators these could become permanently disabled if they were unable to autonomously recover from faults. In such systems, the computer cannot depend on a human to invoke a reboot if it hangs it must be self-reliant. Watchdog timers are commonly found in embedded systems and other computer-controlled equipment where humans cannot easily access the equipment or would be unable to react to faults in a timely manner. Watchdog timers are essential in remote, automated systems such as this Mars Exploration Rover In other computers the watchdog may reside in a nearby chip that connects directly to the CPU, or it may be located on an external expansion card in the computer's chassis. Microcontrollers often include an integrated, on-chip watchdog. The corrective actions typically include placing the computer and associated hardware in a safe state and invoking a computer reboot. The timeout signal is used to initiate corrective actions. If, due to a hardware fault or program error, the computer fails to restart the watchdog, the timer will elapse and generate a timeout signal. Watchdog timers are widely used in computers to facilitate automatic correction of temporary hardware faults, and to prevent errant or malevolent software from disrupting system operation.ĭuring normal operation, the computer regularly restarts the watchdog timer to prevent it from elapsing, or "timing out". One pin receives the timer restart ("kick" ) signal from the computer another pin outputs the timeout signal.Ī watchdog timer (sometimes called a computer operating properly or COP timer, or simply a watchdog) is an electronic or software timer that is used to detect and recover from computer malfunctions. A watchdog timer integrated circuit (Texas Instruments TPS3823). ![]() Flexibility to report to work and assist other branches.Operate and maintain all necessary teller equipment.Participate in product and service initiatives for bank growth.Balance and maintain assigned cash box and vault if applicable as well as perform end of day process.Delivering the IBC Experience by providing prompt, efficient and friendly customer service.Process paying and receiving teller transactions.This also requires bank tellers to maintain a balanced cash drawer and become skilled in the ability to build customer relationship to identify products and services to meet the customer’s banking needs. The Bank Teller I position is responsible for conducting and processing various types of customer bank transactions while delivering the “IBC Experience.” This includes providing prompt, efficient and friendly customer service to customers while adhering to bank teller policy and procedure guidelines. You can visit their contact page for all their customer service numbers.Come join the IBC Family! We have great opportunities for you to learn and grow. Whether you have a general question about your account or are looking for this bank’s routing number, they’ve got you covered. IBC Bank’s customer service can help you answer a variety of different questions relating to its bank. IBC Bank’s Customer Service Contact Information If you are already a customer of this bank then you do not have to pay any transaction fee. In total, IBC Bank has plenty of ATMs available to choose from. ![]() 24-Hour ATMsĪlternatively, you can also use one of their many ATMs to deposit or withdraw cash 24/7. This option works best if you need to access your bank account or use their banking services outside of their normal business hours. Bank this way if their branches are closed outside of their normal hours from 9:00 a.m. IBC Bank offers both online and mobile banking. There are two main ways to access this bank outside of its regularly scheduled business hours. How To Bank With IBC Bank Outside Normal Business Hours So the bank is closed the preceding Friday, December 31st, and the following Monday, December 26th. New Year’s Day and Christmas happen during a weekend in 2022. *All IBC Bank’s are closed during holidays recognized by the Federal Reserve. Here are all the holidays they are closed on in 2022. IBC Bank follows a similar schedule to other banks for which holidays they close on. Here are IBC Bank’s hours on Saturday and Sunday: Day If you want to visit one of their locations, you will have to wait until they open back up Monday morning at 9:00 a.m. IBC Bank Weekday Schedule (Monday through Friday) Day Its typical weekday hours (Mon-Fri) are 9:00 a.m. Most branches are open five days a week, Monday through Friday. The majority of IBC Bank’s branches are not open 7 days a week. On top of that, alternative ways to use IBC Bank’s banking services are also provided. On Saturday and Sunday, their locations are closed.Īside from the weekday and weekend hours, below, you will also find its holiday bank schedule. On weekdays, Monday through Friday, they open at 9:00 a.m.Įven though on each of the five days, they open up at the same time. Since its origination in 1966, the bank has grown to accumulate over 215 branches and a good deal of ATMs available for its customers to use. ![]() IBC Bank has been around for over 56 years and has $11.8 billion in assets. Hot and dry weather is forecast this week and no relief is in sight. Spot prices for transport in a liquid tanker barge from Rotterdam to Karlsruhe south of Kaub rose to about 110 euros a tonne on Wednesday, up 16 euros on Tuesday and up from only around 20 euros a tonne in June before water levels fell, traders said. But the number of vessels still capable of sailing in the shallow water, especially around Kaub, is declining so increasing transport costs for cargo owners, traders said. Vessels need about 1.5 metres of reference waterline to sail fully loaded.įreight shipping on the river continues, but with vessels sometimes forced to sail three-quarters empty. The reference waterline level at the chokepoint of Kaub south of Koblenz was at 48 centimetres on Wednesday, said Refinitiv Eikon data, down about 4 centimetres on the day. Shallow water after the summer heat-wave has hampered shipping on the entire river in Germany since July, along with other European waterways. Tailor the itinerary to your interests, choosing from a variety of excursions at each port of call-and benefit from the insights provided by the National Geographic Expert and the National Geographic Photography Expert who accompany us on the voyage.Īs we sail this storied waterway, enjoy the freedom and flexibility to tailor the itinerary to your interests, choosing from a variety of available excursions at each port of call-from guided tours of iconic sites to culinary experiences and active adventures.HAMBURG, Aug 10 (Reuters) - Water levels on the river Rhine in Germany have fallen again in hot and dry weather and shipping costs are rising as vessels cut loads to continue sailing, commodity traders said on Wednesday. Pass through the dramatic Rhine Gorge-a UNESCO World Heritage site-and glide along Amsterdam’s iconic canals. Encounter Strasbourg’s charming half-timbered houses, and marvel at Germany’s magnificent castles and cathedrals from Heidelberg to Cologne. On an eight-day cruise, journey to four countries linked by this fabled waterway, discovering their intertwined histories and cultures. The mighty Rhine pours out of the Alps and meanders towards the North Sea, passing through storied landscapes dotted with castles, vineyards, and medieval towns. ![]() Asset 5 arrow-down arrow-left arrow-right arrow-up articleAsset 31 Asset 2 Asset 7 Asset 6 Asset 7 Asset 15 Asset 16 cartAsset 51 cart-filledAsset 52 checkAsset 50 Asset 3 chevron-up chevron-left chevron-right chevron-up close comment-new comment-filledAsset 11 double-caret-down double-chevron-downAsset 55 double-chevron-upAsset 56 email-new email-filledAsset 14 Asset 2 fullscreen-close fullscreen-open gallery gallery-filledAsset 15 Globe gridAsset 17 grid-filledAsset 18 headphones-new headphones-filledAsset 19 heart-filled heart-open interactiveAsset 73 linkAsset 48 loadingAsset 45 Artboard 1 minus mutedAsset 29 muted-filledAsset 30 ng-border Asset 8 pauseAsset 40 pause-filledAsset 39 Asset 12 Asset 13 playAsset 33 play-filledAsset 32 plus NG_AD_Iconography_111317_JY_v2 Asset 3 replay Asset 11 Asset 10 Asset 4 SearchIcon shareAsset 34 facebook github Artboard 1 Artboard 1 linkedin linkedin_in pinterest pinterest_p snapchat snapchat_2 twitter whatsapp speakerAsset 27 speaker-filledAsset 28 star-filled star-open textAsset 43 text-filledAsset 42 tiltAsset 58 Asset 8 Asset 9 Asset 4 userAsset 53 user-filled video-cameraAsset 35 video-camera-filledAsset 36 volumeAsset 25 volume-filledAsset 26 ![]() And finally, the mascara has an expandable wand to allow more control during application and although it is not a waterproof formula, it really held the curl in my stick straight stubborn lashes. While the liquid liner was a bear to apply due to the large and inflexible applicator, it did last the whole day and took some effort to remove. IsaDora Cosmetic is an international brand that is based in Sweden and whose products are manufactured there as well. I did enjoy using the foundation and did not experience any weird patchy areas as it wore through the day and I liked that it had a pump on it. The sad reality is that today’s beauty brands are more focused on youthful skin rather than aging women. As of March 2021, Fièra has donated 6.4+ lakh meals to Second Harvest Food Rescue US. I personally found the packaging and performance of the products to be subpar to other drugstore products available today, especially for the price! For example, the Face Sculptor retails for $25 and the clear circular insert of the packaging has already come loose. The brand is committed to giving back for every product purchased, i.e., for every concealer you buy, Fièra cosmetics provides a meal to the needy. I'm not quite sure how the brand has transitioned throughout the years, if at all. They claimed that it was formulated due to the lack of colors, quality, low price point and packaging found in other brands on the market at the time. In the states, it is sold exclusively at Walgreen's. IsaDora Cosmetics (Isadora AB) Personal Care Product Manufacturing Malmö, Skane County 4,587 followers Quality beauty that cares Follow View all 93 employees About us ABOUT US Quality beauty. In addition to creams and retinol, CeraVe also offers a range of face washes that are super gentle and moisturizing. IsaDora Cosmetics is a Swedish brand that was started in the 80s that is Fragrance Free & Clinically Tested. For targeting stubborn acne or wrinkles, CeraVes Resurfacing Retinol Serum is very reasonably priced and also boasts ceramides, licorice root, and niacinamide. ![]() The office also functions as a full-service real estate and property management office. Off-Campus Housing Resourcesįor students, faculty, and staff wishing to live off campus, The Claremont Colleges’ Real Estate and Housing Office offers various forms of off-campus rental assistance, including housing and apartment rental and roommate listings. The gorgeous and expansive California Botanic Garden is also nearby, and the city’s Metrolink rail station offers quick and easy service to downtown Los Angeles and its Metro Rail system, now taking you as far as Santa Monica. Living in student housing is the best way to take advantage of all that The Claremont Colleges have to offer:Īnd you’re just a quick jump from all the dining, entertainment, nightlife, and culture the Claremont Village has to offer. The Oasis Residential Commons is for graduate students only and includes classroom and group meeting spaces, a gym, swimming pool, study rooms, lounges, and much more. There are two options a short walk from the CGU campus:Ĭlaremont Collegiate Apartments offers both summer and academic year housing in studio, 1-, 2-, and 3-bedroom fully furnished apartments with great community amenities, all just north of campus within walking distance of shops and the Trader Joe’s grocery store. Classes, a quiet place to study, and the library are all within walking distance in the small city of Claremont. 14 for student-athletes, non-vaccinated students who need to quarantine and students in roles supporting orientation, admissions and fall opening.As a CGU student, you’ll discover countless benefits to living in student housing. 27 to 28.Įa rly move-in is tentatively set for Aug. Move-in for the fall semester will be staggered over the course of four days - with new students moving in Aug. Virtual orientations will occur the first three weeks of August, followed by in-person orientations beginning Aug. ![]() Orientation will include virtual and in-person programming for new students, international students and rising sophomores. Similar to Pomona College students, rising sophomores, juniors and seniors wishing to live off-campus in housing not affiliated with the college will need to apply to do so. īut, with an “entire building” reserved at CCA that can accommodate 120 students, Scripps anticipates it will have enough housing available for all full-time students come fall, but on-campus housing will be prioritized for incoming first-years and sophomores. Scripps, having faced a housing shortage before, faces another tight housing situation - its housing for the 2021-2022 academic year will be limited to only singles and doubles, and less students could be studying abroad. Students unable to get vaccinated before coming to campus “ may be required to quarantine.” The college, which will mandate all its students to receive COVID-19 vaccines and flu shots, will provide vaccinations through Student Health Services to those not yet vaccinated and accept COVID-19 vaccines from outside the United States. Scripps summer housing will cost $146 per week the cost of CCA apartments is not yet determined. Summer housing will not include meal plans, but all summer housing spaces will have kitchens, according to the email. Though locations are not yet confirmed, rooms will be single-occupancy and “likely” include on-campus and Scripps-owned housing, according to the email, with the possibility of availability at the Claremont Collegiate Apartments. Summer housing - available for eligible “essential” student work or research - is available from June 6 through August 13. Scripps College elaborated on its previously announced plans for summer and fall housing in a Monday email to students from Dean of Students Charlotte Johnson. In the end, Rui Xi was talking to herself inside her and Quan's room thinking about the past two years she spent with Quan, Xiu Yi and the others. He even announced to the whole school that he is, in fact, gay. However, since Xiu Yi is unaware that Rui Xi is a girl, he begins to question his own sexuality. Meanwhile, Rui Xi's manliness cannot pass Xiu Yi's girl radar and so Xiu Yi begins to develop feelings for Rui Xi. Many events passed, including a visit by Rui Xi's half brother Lu Jing Xi ( JJ Lin), who threatens to take Rui Xi back to America, their summer break working at a vacation house, owned by Mei Tian's sister, since Dorm 2 needed some construction done, the school's festival where the three dormitories compete with each other in various games and Rui Xi being entered into the beauty pageant and a school trip to hot springs resort to Quan's home town, where Rui Xi helps Quan to deal with his family. Their relationship begins to blossom when Rui Xi convinces Quan to return to high jumping. ![]() Unbeknown to Rui Xi, before her arrival Quan had given up high jumping after a road accident whilst trying to save his high school friend from being run over. He keeps her identity a secret from everyone, including Rui Xi. As Quan grabs Rui Xi to carry her to the sick bay, he also discovers that she is in fact a girl. Mei Tian, being gay, detects that Rui Xi is a girl. During a friendly soccer match between the two, Rui Xi gets knocks unconscious and so Quan aids by taking her to the school's doctor, Mei Tian. There she befriends Jin Xiu Yi ( Jiro Wang). However, the school is an all-boys school and thus Rui Xi cuts all her hair off and dresses up as a boy in order to attend the school. Inspired by his jumps, Rui Xi decides that she wants to meet her idol and therefore transfers to Ying Kai University which he attends in Taiwan. In America, Lu Rui Xi ( Ella Chen) watches a documentary on Taiwanese high jumper Zuo Yi Quan ( Wu Chun). The drama's Chinese title is also the name used in the Chinese translation of the manga by Tong Li Publishing. The official Roman-character name of the drama series is an alternative romanization of the manga's Japanese title (the Hepburn romanization of the same title is ' Hanazakari no Kimitachi e). In Japanese, it means For You in Full Blossom, but in Chinese, it means "The tricks of boys and girls," referring to student life within the drama. It was filmed on location at National Chi Nan University in Puli, Nantou County.Īlthough the Chinese title adopted same Han characters as the original manga's Japanese title, they have different meanings in the two languages. This drama was produced by Comic Productions ( 可米製作股份有限公司) and directed by Mingtai Wang ( 王明台). The series is the first live-action television adaptation of the manga, followed by the Japanese version Hanazakari no Kimitachi e, starring Shun Oguri as Izumi Sano, Maki Horikita as Mizuki Ashiya, and Toma Ikuta as Shuichi Nakatsu, broadcast on Fuji Television in 2007 its remake Hanazakari no Kimitachi e 2011 and the South Korean adaptation To the Beautiful You in 2012. Hanazakarino Kimitachihe was nominated for Best Marketing Programme of the Year at the 42nd Golden Bell Awards in 2007. ![]() The series was first broadcast in Taiwan on free-to-air Chinese Television System (CTS) (華視) from 19 November 2006 to 4 March 2007, every Sunday at 21:30 and cable TV Gala Television (GTV) Variety Show/CH 28 (八大綜合台) on 25 November 2006, every Saturday at 21:00. It was based on Japanese shōjo manga series Hana-Kimi by Hisaya Nakajo. ![]() 'The tricks of boys and girls'), is a 2006 Taiwanese drama starring Ella Chen of S.H.E, Wu Chun and Jiro Wang of Fahrenheit, and Danson Tang. ![]() The Elle Style Awards 2015 in association with H&M were hosted by Radio 1 DJ Nick Grimshaw.Hanazakarino Kimitachihe ( traditional Chinese: 花樣少年少女 simplified Chinese: 花样少年少女 pinyin: Huāyàng Shàonián Shàonǚ lit. Model and actress Lily Cole, who set up her own social network which invites people to give their services and skills away to help others, won the H&M conscious award. Rebel Wilson attends the Elle Style Awards 2015 (Image: WireImage) Homeowners repay the loan in fixed installments over a predetermined period. However, a home equity loan is a fixed amount of money paid out in one lump sum. Similar to a HELOC, a home equity loan allows homeowners to borrow against the equity in their home.
![]() You can also avoid paying taxes on depreciation deductions this way. The internal revenue service (IRS) exempts primary residence sales from capital gains taxes up to $500,000 for married joint filers and $250,000 for single filers. Plus, your IRA contributions can garner you another tax deduction. Depositing investment profits in your investment account allows your money to grow tax-free. ![]() Instead, you can use your individual retirement account (IRA) or 401(k). You don’t have to invest in real estate with dollars from your bank account. You can use a variety of strategies to avoid capital gains on real estate properties: Use Tax-Deferred Funds How to Limit Capital Gains on Real Estate Investment Properties The 20% rate applies if they earn more than $553,850. The 15% rate applies if the couple earns $89,251 to $553,850. In addition, single filers making $125,000 or more annually will pay a net investment income tax of 3.8% on capital gains from real estate.Ī married couple filing 2023 taxes jointly will pay 0% if they earn up to $89,250. Finally, single filers with income above $492,300 will pay 20% long-term capital gains taxes. Single filers with income between $44,626 and $492,300 will pay 15%. For 2023, single filers making up to $44,625 receive the 0% rate. In addition, you’re a single filer, putting a portion of your income in the 24% tax bracket.Ĭonversely, long-term capital gains have different tax rates than short-term gains: 0%, 15%, and 20%, depending on your income level and filing status. The sale results in a short-term capital gain, and your income is $115,000 when you file taxes. You sell an investment property nine months after purchasing it and make a $30,000 profit. Your income determines your capital gains tax rates.įor example, say you make $85,000 from your day job. The IRS taxes short-term capital gains as standard income, meaning your income tax bracket will determine your tax rate. So, if you sell an investment property, the time you owned it before selling it will determine what kind of capital gains taxes you pay. On the other hand, long-term capital gains come from selling assets after holding them for a year or more. Short-term capital gains are from selling assets you’ve held for less than a year. You can incur two types of capital gains taxes: short-term and long-term. Golding & Golding specializes exclusively in international tax, specifically IRS offshore disclosure.You pay capital gains taxes when you profit from selling assets. Golding & Golding: About Our International Tax Law Firm ![]() But, if a willful Taxpayer submits an intentionally false narrative under the Streamlined Procedures (and gets caught), they may become subject to significant fines and penalties. If they are willful, they would submit to the IRS Voluntary Disclosure Program instead. When a person is non-willful, they have an excellent chance of making a successful submission to Streamlined Procedures. In recent years, the IRS has increased the level of scrutiny for certain streamlined procedure submissions. Avoid False Offshore Disclosure Submissions (Willful vs Non-Willful) Before filing prior untimely foreign reporting forms, taxpayers should consider speaking with a Board-Certified Tax Law Specialist that specializes exclusively in these types of offshore disclosure matters. That is because they may risk making a quiet disclosure if they just begin filing forward in the current year and/or mass filing previous year forms without doing so under one of the approved IRS offshore submission procedures. Once a taxpayer missed the tax and reporting (such as FBAR and FATCA) requirements for prior years, they will want to be careful before submitting their information to the IRS in the current year. Dollars CountryĬurrent Year vs Prior Year Non-Compliance The IRS Average Exchange Rates for 2017-2022 are as follows: Yearly Average Exchange Rates for Converting Foreign Currencies into U.S. Rather, they can also use the IRS Average Exchange Rate too if they prefer. With FBAR and most other foreign reporting, the Department of Treasury Exchange ratesare preferred (as evidenced by language directly on Form 8938) but Taxpayers are not required to use the DOT rates. When a US person has foreign accounts, they have to exchange or ‘convert’ the foreign currency into USD. The IRS Average Exchange Rates for 2022 FBAR
On 14 November 2014, the EFF changed Viber's score to 2 out of 7 after it had received an external security audit from Ernst & Young's Advanced Security Centre. the code was not open-source), the security design was not properly documented, and there had not been a recent independent security audit. the service did not provide forward secrecy), the code was not open to independent review (i.e. the communications were not end-to-end encrypted), users could not verify contacts' identities, past messages were not secure if the encryption keys were stolen (i.e. Viber received a point for encryption during transit but lost points because communications were not encrypted with keys that the provider did not have access to (i.e. On 4 November 2014, Viber scored 1 out of 7 points on the Electronic Frontier Foundation's "Secure Messaging Scorecard". In the wake of the July–August 2020 Belarusian election protests and ensuing crackdown, the company closed its office in Minsk. In 2020, Rakuten Viber and the World Health Organization (the WHO) engaged in a commercial transaction for a chatbot to inform users of issues such as women's health. The chatbot is still active as of June 2022, with over 1.4 million subscribers. Īfter first using RV to spread its message in June 2020, the International Federation of the Red Cross launched an official chatbot and Community on the messaging app to combat the spread of false information, which they termed an infodemic, about COVID-19. ![]() In 2017, Rakuten Viber and the World Wildlife Fund engaged in a commercial transaction aimed at raising awareness and protecting wildlife. Its legal name remains Viber Media, S.à r.l. In July 2017 the corporate name of Viber Media was changed to Rakuten Viber and a new wordmark logo was introduced. ĭjamel Agaoua became Viber Media CEO in February 2017, replacing co-founder Marco who left in 2015. At that sale price, the founders each realized over 30 times return on their investments. The sale of Viber earned the Shabtai family ( Benny, his brother Gilad, and Gilad's son Ofer) some $500 million from their 55.2% stake in the company. ![]() On 13 February 2014, Rakuten announced they had acquired Viber Media for $900 million. According to Viber, no sensitive user information was accessed. On 24 July 2013, Viber's support system was defaced by the Syrian Electronic Army. They invested $20 million in the company, which had 120 employees as of May 2013. The company was originally funded by individual investors, described by Marco as "friends and family". It began doing so in 2013, via user payments for Viber Out voice calling and the Viber graphical messaging "sticker market". In its first two years of availability, Viber did not generate revenues. Marco commented that Viber allows instant calling and synchronization with contacts because the ID is the user's cell number. Sani Maroli and Ofer Smocha soon joined the company as well. The company was run from Israel, and was registered in Cyprus. Marco and Magazinnik are also co-founders of the P2P media and file-sharing client iMesh. Viber Media was founded in Tel Aviv, Israel, in 2010 by Talmon Marco and Igor Magazinnik, who are friends from the Israel Defense Forces where they were chief information officers. It is based in Cyprus with offices in London, Manila, Moscow, Paris, San Francisco, Singapore, and Tokyo. Since 2017, its corporate name has been Rakuten Viber. The software was developed in 2010 by Cyprus-based Viber Media, which was bought by Rakuten in 2014. As of 2018, there are over a billion registered users on the network. In addition to instant messaging it allows users to exchange media such as images and video records, and also provides a paid international landline and mobile calling service called Viber Out. Users are registered and identified through a cellular telephone number, although the service is accessible on desktop platforms without needing mobile connectivity. Viber, or Rakuten Viber, is a cross-platform voice over IP (VoIP) and instant messaging (IM) software application owned by Japanese multinational company Rakuten, provided as freeware for the Google Android, iOS, Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS and Linux platforms. Cross platform VoIP instant messaging software applicationġ5.9.0.5 / 20 August 2021 21 months ago ( 20 August 2021)ġ5.9.0 / 19 August 2021 21 months ago ( 19 August 2021)ġ5.9.0 / 17 August 2021 21 months ago ( 17 August 2021)ġ3.3.1.22 / 7 July 2021 22 months ago ( 7 July 2021)Ĭ/ C++/ Python (desktop, using SIP and Qt frameworks), Objective-C (iOS), Java (Android) |
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